Fig. 3

Cytoplasmic NEDD8 levels are higher in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer brain than in analogous neurons in control brains, and parkin and NEDD8 are colocalized in a disease-specific manner. a Compared with their age-matched control (AMC) counterparts (n = 5), b nuclei (blue) of neurons in Alzheimer patients (n = 6) have less NEDD8 (green) (**p < 0.005) (c). d Moreover, in representative images of hippocampal pyramidal cells from these AMC and AD patients (e), colocalization of NEDD-8/Parkin (red dots depicted by PLA represent proximity of ≤ 40 nm) is less in AMC than in analogous neurons in Alzheimer patients *p < 0.05 on Wilcoxon rank sum test, n = 3 per group