Fig. 1From: HMGB1/RAGE axis mediates stress-induced RVLM neuroinflammation in mice via impairing mitophagy flux in microgliaThe levels of the HMGB1 protein both in CSF and in the RVLM was upregulated after 15 days of stress exposure in mice. a ELISA analysis showed the HMGB1 level in CSF. b Double immunofluorescent staining of HMGB1 in the RVLM of mice brain. The colocalization of HMGB1 with microglia indicates HMGB1 expression both in cytoplasm and nuclear in microglia (red, HMGB1; green, microglia; blue, nucleus/DAPI) (scale bar = 30 μm). c Immunohistochemistry density analysis quantifies the expression of HMGB1. d The levels of colocalization of HMGB1 and OX42 were assessed by using the Pearson coefficient. e Representative band of HMGB1 in nuclear and cytosolic fractions using western immunoblot. f–h Optical density analysis of the immunoblot bands of HMGB1. β-actin was used as a loading control. i, j The levels of acetylation modification of HMGB1. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 6, *P < 0.05, t testBack to article page