Fig. 7

Ds-HMGB1 induced increased NF-κB activation resulted from disruption of microglial autophagy. a Representative immunoblot bands of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 in different groups of microglia. b, c Optical density analysis of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 immunoblot bands. d the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was increased in ds-HMGB1-treated microglia in vitro. e NF-κB p65 was detected from nuclear and cytosolic fractions extracted from microglia using western immunoblot. f–h Optical density analysis of phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 bands both in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of microglia. β-actin and histone were used as the cytoplasmic or nuclear loading control, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 6, *P < 0.05, ANOVA LSD test