Fig. 2

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of clinical outcomes according to the quintiles of serum Dkk-3 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the association between serum Dkk-3 and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios were estimated with adjustment for age, sex, time from onset to hospitalization, current smoking, alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia, body mass index, blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, baseline NIHSS score, history of hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of stroke, ischemic stroke subtypes, and receiving immediate blood pressure reduction. p values were based on the analysis of maximum likelihood estimates