Fig. 2

Old mice reconstituted with young Sca-1⁺ stem cells show improved novel object recognition and spatial memory and learning. a Activity level and b rearing count were recorded for 10 min in a novel environment with n = 22 mice per group. c Novel object recognition for n = 7 mice per group. Training and testing phases were separated by 24 h. d Barnes maze completion time and e frequency of mistakes for n = 10 mice per group. f Spatial learning between test days and g problem solving strategies for n = 10 mice per group. Data are mean ± s.e.m. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001 (unpaired two-sided t-tests (a, b), two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (c (F (1, 24) = 6.103, P < 0.0201), d (F (1, 292) = 45.89, P < 0.0001), e (F (1, 41) = 4.940, P = 0.0293), f (F (1, 222) = 7.953, P = 0.0052) and chi-square test (g))