Fig. 9
From: Dectin-1/Syk signaling triggers neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice
PIC treatment inhibited microglial activation and decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression in the ischemic brain tissue and BV2 cells with OGD/R exposure. a, b Iba-1 and CD68 staining showed that microglial activation was significantly enhanced in the ischemic brain tissue 3 days after stroke compared with that of the brain tissue in the sham group. PIC treatment significantly attenuated microglial activation in the brain tissue (scale bar, 50 μm; n = 3/group; *P < 0.05 vs. sham group; #P < 0.05 vs. ischemia group/ischemia + DMSO group). However, no significant difference was noted between the ischemic and DMSO groups. c, d TNF-α and iNOS expression was significantly enhanced in the ischemic brain tissue at 3 days after stroke compared with that of the brain tissue in the sham group. PIC treatment significantly decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression in the ischemic brain tissue (n = 3/group; *P < 0.05 vs. sham group; #P < 0.05 vs. ischemia group/ischemia + DMSO group). e, f BV2 cells with OGD/R exposure exhibited significantly increased TNF-α and iNOS expression compared with that of BV2 cells without OGD/R exposure. PIC pretreatment significantly inhibited TNF-α and iNOS expression in BV2 cells with OGD/R exposure compared with that of the OGD/R group (n = 3/group; *P < 0.05 vs. control group; #P < 0.05 vs. OGD/R group). However, PIC pretreatment failed to decrease TNF-α and iNOS expression in BV2 cells without OGD/R exposure