Fig. 2
From: Sustained hyperammonemia induces TNF-a IN Purkinje neurons by activating the TNFR1-NF-κB pathway
Infliximab prevents microglial and astrocyte activation in the white matter of the cerebellum of hyperammonemic rats. Representative images of microglial (a, b) and astrocyte activation (c) in the white matter of the cerebellum are shown. The perimeter of microglial cells (d), cells expressing CD68 (e), and the GFAP-stained area (f) were evaluated. Hyperammonemia (4 weeks) induced microglial and astrocyte activation in the white matter of the cerebellum, which was prevented by infliximab. The values are the mean ± SEM of 6 rats per group. Values that were significantly different from those of control rats are indicated by asterisks, and values that were significantly different from those of HA rats are indicated by a. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, aa p < 0.01, aaaa p < 0.0001. Scale bar = 50 μm. C VH = vehicle-treated control rats, C INFLIX = control rats treated with infliximab, HA VH = vehicle-treated hyperammonemic rats, HA INFLIX = hyperammonemic rats treated with infliximab