Fig. 3
From: Sustained hyperammonemia induces TNF-a IN Purkinje neurons by activating the TNFR1-NF-κB pathway
The content of TNF-a is increased in microglia, astrocytes, and Purkinje neurons after 4 weeks of hyperammonemia and is normalized by infliximab. Immunohistochemistry for TNF-a was performed as described in the “Methods” section. Representative images of white matter (a) and Purkinje neurons (d, e) are shown, and the quantified data are shown in f and h. Double immunofluorescence was performed using antibodies against TNF-a and Iba-1 (b) or GFAP (c), and the percentage of glial cells expressing TNF-a was determined (g). Values that were significantly different from those of control rats are indicated by asterisks, and values that were significantly different from those of HA VH rats are indicated by a. + refers to microglia expressing TNF-a in HA VH rats vs microglia expressing TNF-a in C VH rats, # refers to astrocytes expressing TNF-a in HA VH rats vs astrocytes expressing TNF-a in C VH rats, α refers to microglia expressing TNF-a in HA VH rats vs microglia expressing TNF-a in HA INFLIX rats, and @ refers to astrocytes expressing TNF-a in HA VH rats vs astrocytes expressing TNF-a in HA INFLIX rats. One symbol indicates p ≤ 0.05; two symbols indicate p < 0.01 and three symbols indicate p ≤ 0.001. C VH = vehicle-treated control rats; C INFLIX = control rats treated with infliximab; HA VH = vehicle-treated hyperammonemic rats; HA INFLIX = hyperammonemic rats treated with infliximab