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Fig. 10 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 10

From: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves functional recovery by inhibiting neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes in ischemic rats

Fig. 10

rTMS stimulation at 10 Hz inhibited neurotoxic polarization but promoted neuroprotective transformation of astrocytes in the ischemic penumbra. a, b mRNA expression levels of neurotoxic markers and neuroprotective markers in different groups (sham operated, MCAO, MCAO + rTMS) detected by qRT-PCR at 7 days post ischemic reperfusion. n = 5 animals per group. c, d Representative immunoblots and quantification of neurotoxic markers (C3 and iNOS) and neuroprotective markers (S100A10 and Arg1) in lysates of brain tissue obtained from ischemic penumbra with different treatments. β-actin was used as a loading control. n = 5 animals per group. e, f Representative double-staining immunofluorescence of C3+/GFAP+ and S100A10+/GFAP+ astrocytes on brain sections obtained from Sham, MCAO or MCAO + rTMS. Scale bar = 50 μm, n = 5 per group. Data are represented as mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. sham-operated rats. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. MCAO rats

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