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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves functional recovery by inhibiting neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes in ischemic rats

Fig. 3

rTMS affected astrocyte phenotype following OGD/R injury. The primary astrocytes were exposed to OGD injury and received rTMS stimulation with different frequencies. a Western blot was used to detect the expression of neurotoxic markers (C3 and iNOS) and neuroprotective markers (S100A10 and Arg1). Images were representative of three independent experiments. b After OGD/R injury, C3 and iNOS were significantly increased, and Arg1 was significantly reduced. All of the rTMS frequencies could inhibit the expression of C3 and iNOS, and promote the expression of S100A10 and Arg1. The 10 Hz TMS induced the lowest expression of iNOS (1.04-fold) and the highest expression of S100A10 (5.51-fold) and Arg1(3.88-fold) among the OGD/R groups. n = 3 per group. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs. ctrl astrocytes; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. O/R + sham stimulated astrocytes. O/R, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation

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