Fig. 6

Astrocytes regulated by rTMS increased axonal density and promoted neural plasticity following OGD/R injury. The anoxic neurons were co-cultured with ACM collected from different groups for 7 days. Axonal density was represented by neurofilament (NFL) staining (a) and synaptic plasticity was reflected by PSD95 staining (b). Scale bar: 50 μm. Images were representative of three independent experiments. c, d Western blots and quantification of synaptic markers which included PSD95, CaMKII, Synapsin I, and Synaptophysin. n = 3 per group. Data are represented as mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. no ACM group. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. ctrl ACM group.^$P < 0.05, ^$$P < 0.01, ^$$$P < 0.001 vs. O/R ACM group. O/R oxygen and glucose deprivation / reoxygenation