Fig. 1

ODN 2088 promotes astrocyte-induced chemotaxis of peritoneal macrophages, in vitro. a The number of F4/80⁺ cells that crossed to the lower surface of the membrane in TLR9^+/+ astrocyte-macrophage co-cultures treated with vehicle or ODN 2088 [****p < 0.0001, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. b The number of F4/80⁺ cells that crossed to the lower surface of the membrane in response to CM derived from vehicle- or ODN 2088-treated TLR9^+/+ astrocyte cultures [****p < 0.0001, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. c The number of F4/80⁺ cells that crossed to the lower surface of the membrane when TLR9^−/− astrocyte were co-cultured with TLR9^+/+ macrophages and treated with vehicle or ODN 2088 [p = 0.7764, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. d The number of F4/80⁺ cells that crossed to the lower surface of the membrane in response to CM derived from vehicle- or ODN 2088-treated TLR9^−/− astrocyte cultures [p = 0.6776, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. e The number of F4/80⁺ TLR9^−/− macrophages that crossed to the lower surface of the membrane in response to CM derived from vehicle- or ODN 2088-treated TLR9^+/+ astrocyte cultures [****p < 0.0001, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. The experiments were independently repeated three times, and the mean of three experiments (n = 3) is shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM