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Fig. 9 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 9

From: Pathological modeling of TBEV infection reveals differential innate immune responses in human neurons and astrocytes that correlate with their susceptibility to infection

Fig. 9

Proposed model of interactions between TBEV and human brain cells. In the human brain parenchyma, TBEV infects neurons, astrocytes, and possibly oligodendrocytes (1). Both neurons and astrocytes develop an antiviral response. In neurons, it is insufficient to afford protection (2) and poorly controlled infection induces neuronal death in a direct manner (3). Astrocytes are infected but control infection, owing to their strong antiviral response (4), which may also be beneficial to neurons (5). Astrocytes enter a reactive stage (6) and some of them die (7). Both neurons and astrocytes overexpressed a high level of chemokines involved in chemo-attraction of T cells in the brain parenchyma (8), although astrocytes are stronger producers. The figure was created using Servier Medical Art available on www.servier.com. As, astrocytes; AV Resp, antiviral response; CMK, chemokines; Ne, neurons

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094