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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Astrocytes have the capacity to act as antigen-presenting cells in the Parkinson’s disease brain

Fig. 1

Human astrocytes express MHC-II in brain tissue from PD patients and healthy controls. The αSYN pathology was confirmed in the PD cases by immunostaining of αSYN and phosphorylated αSYN (p-αSYN) (a). The PD brains express higher levels of MHC-II compared to control brains (b). MHC-II levels correlate with the expression of p-αSYN in PD brains (c). There is a correlation between the MHC-II levels in the mesencephalon and striatum in the PD brains, but not in the control brains (d, e). Astrocytes labeled with GLAST (f) or GFAP (g) are expressing high levels of MHC-II, as well as Iba1-labeled microglia (h). Quantifications of the immunostainings revealed that 31% of the MHC-II area overlapped with the astrocyte marker GLAST (i), 15% overlapped with the reactive astrocyte marker GFAP (j), and 32 % overlapped with the microglia marker Iba1 in the PD brain (k). A similar overlap between MHC-II and GLAST, GFAP, and Iba1 (35%, 10%, and 33%, respectively) was revealed from the analysis of the control brains (jk). Scale bars: a = 20 μm; f = 2 μm; g, h = 5 μm

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