Fig. 3

L-TAMS attenuates mechanical allodynia and comorbid depressive-like behaviors or memory deficits in CYP-induced cystitis animals. a L-TAMS was administered 3 days before the first dose of CYP and maintained until the end of the experiment. The mechanical withdrawal threshold in the CYP + L-TAMS group significantly increased from day 12 when compared with the CYP group without L-TAMS treatment, and it returned to baseline level, which was not significantly different from the vehicle group. n = 8 per group. b Treatment with L-TAMS was initiated together with the first CYP injection and maintained until the day of tissue harvest. The change in threshold in the CYP + L-TAMS group was similar to that in a. n = 14 per group. The data in a and b were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. c, d Forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed on day 20. n = 10 and 5 per group for FST and SPT, respectively. e Novel object recognition test (NORT) was performed on day 8 and day 18 (prior to and after treatment, respectively). n = 10 per group. The data in c and d were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The data in e were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. ***P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 vs. Veh group. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 vs. CYP group. ^$$$P < 0.001 vs. CYP + L-TAMS group prior to L-TAMS treatment, on day 8