Fig. 5
From: MAPK signaling determines lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced inflammation in microglia
MAPK signaling directs LPA-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Primary microglia were cultured on PDL-coated 12-well plates and serum-starved overnight. The supernatants were collected after incubation with DMSO and DMSO plus LPA (1 μM) in the absence or presence of SP600125 (10 μM), SB203580 (10 μM), or PD98059 (10 μM) for the indicated time periods. ELISA was used to quantitate the concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL2 (MIP-2), and CCL5 (RANTES). Results shown represent the mean + SD from four independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to vehicle control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01###, p < 0.001 each inhibitor compared to LPA treated cells; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction)