Fig. 5

Glybenclamide abrogates microglial proinflammatory activation in the brainstem of P + M-treated mice. a Microglial cells in the brainstem of P + M-treated mice with or without glybenclamide pre-treatment were immunostained with anti-Iba-1 antibody, and the density of Iba-1 immunostaining was quantified. b The expressions of Iba-1 in the brainstem were determined by Western blot, and the band density of blots was quantified. c, d The gene expressions of M1 (iNOS and TNFα) and M2 (Arg-1 and YM-1) markers were determined in hippocampus by using RT-PCR. n = 5–6 for each group. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. Scale bar = 50 μm