Fig. 3

Hypothalamic TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased after the first LPS injection. a As illustrated in Fig. 1a, hypothalamic tissues were collected from animals from the four groups (the chow-saline, HFD-saline, chow-LPS, and HFD-LPS groups) 24 h following saline or LPS injection (1 w, 2 w, and 8 w) and then subjected to QPCR to measure TNF-α and IL-β mRNA expression. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3–6 animals in each group). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the chow and HFD groups. b The body weight of animals from the four animal was measured weekly for 5 months. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 animals in each group). *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the chow group