Fig. 5

Mid- and long-term neurological outcomes after ICH. a Foot fault test and b rotarod test were performed before ICH (baseline) and 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after ICH induction. There was no significant difference at the baseline, indicating the neurofunctions were not statistically divergent among the mice. After ICH induction, the neurofunctions were significantly impaired and were improved by OXA treatment. Two-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 vs. sham group, #p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group. Error bars represent mean ± SD, n = 8 per group. Morris water maze test evaluated c escape latency and d distance traveled which showed no significant at the baseline on day1 of testing, while a significant reduction was observed at test days 2, 3, 4, and 5. The administration of OXA significantly rescued the functions at test days 2, 3, and 4. Two-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 vs. sham group, #p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group. Error bars represent mean ± SD, n = 8 per group. e Time spent in the probe quadrant was decreased after ICH, which was significantly improved with OXA treatment. One-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 vs. sham group, #p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group. Error bars represent mean ± SD, n = 8 per group. f Heatmap of swimming trails could distinctively reflect the above results. The trails were chaotic after ICH and improved by OXA treatment