Fig. 1

Increased Myd88 expression during hypothalamic reactive gliosis is induced by eating a high-fat diet (HFD). a–f Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine changes in astrocytes and microglia in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) caused by HFD feeding. Representative images (a, d) and calculated data (b, c, e, f) indicate that GFAP-positive astrocytes (a–c) and Iba1-positive microglia (d–f) were increased by an HFD compared with a standard diet (STD) for 16 weeks (n=6–12 sections of 3–6 mice/group). g–i Ribo-Tag analyses of Myd88 mRNA expression in the hypothalamic astrocytes of transgenic mice (Gfap-Cre;Rpl22^HA) expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged ribosomal protein Rpl22 in GFAP-positive cells. g Representative images showing co-expression of HA and astrocyte-specific tomato signals in the hypothalamic ARC of Gfap-Cre;Rpl22^HA mice. h Real-time PCR data showing enrichment of Gfap mRNA (but not NeuN and Iba1 mRNA) in the RNA samples immunoprecipitated with HA antibody compared with the input RNA samples from hypothalamic extracts. i Ribo-Tag analyses showing that Myd88 mRNA expression in the hypothalamic astrocytes of Gfap-Cre;Rpl22^HA mice were increased by HFD feeding, compared with STD feeding, for 16 weeks (n=3–4/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001. Scale bar = 100 μm