Fig. 6

Astrocyte-specific Myd88 KO enhances leptin responsiveness after long-term HFD feeding. a, b To identify the effects of astrocyte-specific Myd88 KO (Myd88^△GFAP) on HFD-induced leptin resistance, mice were fed an HFD for 16 weeks, and their food intake (a) and body weight (b) were measured for 24 h after an intraperitoneal injection of leptin (2 mg/kg) or vehicle (n = 3–4/group). c, d Representative immunohistochemical images (c) and calculated graphs (d) show that leptin-induced pSTAT3 in the arcuate nucleus had deteriorated in the control Myd88^fl/fl mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding. However, the Myd88^△GFAP mice fed the HFD for 16 weeks showed a leptin-induced pSTAT3 level similar to those with STD feeding. e–g Representative images (e) and calculated data (f, g) reveal that leptin induced an increase in α-MSH immuno-positive signals in the paraventricular nucleus of the Myd88^△GFAP mice but not the control Myd88^fl/fl mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 3 sections of 3 mice/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p < 0.001. ns, not significant. Scale bar = 100 μm