Fig. 2

Alterations in meningeal and peripheral immune cells in the septic mice. Mice were i.p. injected with LPS (5 mg kg⁻¹) and were sacrificed for the measurement of meningeal and peripheral immune cells by flow cytometry analysis. a Representative gating scheme of flow cytometry for meningeal immune cells. b Meningeal CD3⁺ T cells increased at 1 day and 5 days in LPS-treated mice relative to saline control. c, d LPS injection in mice decreased the percentage of (c) CD4⁺ T cells but increased the percentage of (d) CD8⁺ T cells in CD3⁺ T cells in the meninges. e Percentage of CD19⁺ B cells in CD45⁺ cells in the meninges was downregulated but (F) CD11b⁺ cells in the meninges was increased in mice given LPS injection as compared to saline injected control. n = 8 in the Con group and n = 6 in the LPS group. g–k LPS induced significantly increased percentage of g CD3⁺ T cells, i CD8⁺ T cells, and k CD11b⁺ cells among CD45⁺ cells, but decreased percentage of h CD4⁺ T cells and j CD19⁺ B cells in peripheral blood. n = 5 in each group. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and followed by Tukey post hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Con = saline injected control. LPS 1 d = 1 day after i.p. LPS injection. LPS 5 d = 5 days after i.p. LPS injection. i.p. = intraperitoneal