Fig. 3
Distinct gene expression of cytokines in meninges after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Mice were i.p. injected with LPS (5 mg kg−1), and meninges were collected for qPCR. The meninges of control mice were harvested at 24 h after they were injected with saline. a, b Upregulation of IL-1β and IL-6mRNA levels in the meninges after LPS injection. c–e Meningeal c IL-4, d IFN-γ, and e IL-13 mRNA levels were greatly downregulated after LPS injection. f The gene level of CD4 in the meninges was significantly lower at 1 day and 5 days of LPS injected mice than in saline control. n = 6 in each group. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and followed by Tukey post hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Con = saline injected control. LPS 1 d = 1 day after i.p. LPS injection. LPS 5 d = 5 days after i.p. LPS injection. i.p. = intraperitoneal