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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Rottlerin, a natural polyphenol compound, inhibits upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and brain astrocytic migration by reducing PKC-δ-dependent ROS signal

Fig. 1

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, induces MMP-9 expression, but not MMP-2, in brain astrocytes (RBA). a Time dependence of PMA increase of MMP-9 expression. RBA cells were treated with 1 μM PMA for the indicated time intervals. b Concentration dependence of PMA-induced MMP-9 expression. Cells were treated with various concentrations of PMA (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) for 24 h. c Time dependence of PMA-induced MMP 9 mRNA expression. Cells were treated with 1 μM PMA for the indicated times. The conditioned media, cell lysates, and total RNA were collected and analyzed by gelatin zymography (MMP2/9), Western blot (GAPDH, as an internal control), and RT-PCR (MMP-9 and β-actin) as described under the “Methods” section. The intensity of zymographic (a, b) and PCR product (c) bands was quantitated by scanning densitometry and expressed as fold of untreated control. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (N = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, as compared with the respective values of untreated control. The image represents one of three individual experiments

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