Fig. 3

The effect of iP inhibition on regional astrocyte death, ROS production, oxidatively damaged and poly-ubiquitinated protein load. a–e Human brainstem and spinal cord astrocytes were stimulated with or without 10 ng/ml IFNγ and/or ONX 0914 for 48 h. a Caspase activity and b ROS were measured and normalized to live cells. c Protein lysate was collected and derivatized, and (d) oxidatively damaged protein accumulation was quantified and normalized to β-actin levels. e Protein lysate was probed for Lys48-labeled poly-ubiquitinated proteins, normalized to β-actin expression, and (f) quantified. Data represent the mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 by 2-way ANOVA. ROS reactive oxygen species, Ox-damaged oxidatively damaged