Fig. 4

TSA promotes apoptosis of recruited neutrophils in NMOSD lesions at 24 h after brain injection. Ly6G and TUNEL immunofluorescence double staining was performed to determine the extent of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis in NMOSD lesions at 24 h after brain injection. a Representative immunofluorescence staining of Ly6G (top, red) and TUNEL (middle, green). Yellow lines indicate the needle tract; white lines delimit the lesion; purple rectangles indicate magnified field. White arrows indicate apoptotic neutrophils (Ly6G⁺ TUNEL⁺, yellow); purple arrows indicate nonapoptotic neutrophils (Ly6G⁺ TUNEL⁻, red). b Quantification of neutrophil apoptosis was defined as the ratio of Ly6G⁺ TUNEL⁺ cells in Ly6G⁺ cells in the NMOSD lesion-side hemisphere (n = 15, **p < 0.01). The data are representative of three independent experiments. Mann-Whitney tests was performed