Fig. 4

Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid cells in the brains of DLB cases. a Representative bright field light microscopy images from the neocortex and hippocampus of control and DLB cases immunostained with an antibody against CD3 (general T cell marker). b Computer-based image analysis showing significant increase of CD3 positive cell numbers in neocortex and hippocampus in DLB. c Representative bright field light microscopy images from the neocortex and hippocampus of control and DLB immunostained with an antibody against CD20 (general B cell marker). d Computer-based image analysis showing very few or none CD20-positive cell in the brains. e Representative bright field light microscopy images from the neocortex and hippocampus of control and DLB cases, immunostained with an antibody against CD4 (helper T cell marker). f Computer-based image analysis showing significant increase of CD4-positive cell numbers in neocortex and hippocampus in DLB. g Representative bright field light microscopy images from the neocortex and hippocampus in control and DLB immunostained with an antibody against CD8 (cytotoxic T cell marker). h Computer-based image analysis showing few CD8-positive cells in human brains. i, j Linear regression analysis between CD3 and CD4, CD8, and CD20 in the neocortex and hippocampus. Scale bars = 40 μm (low magnification) and 10 μm (high magnification). Control and DLB (n = 8 per group). Statistical significance determined by unpaired t test; *p ≤ 0.05