Fig. 1

Glial immunoreactive changes in Tg-FDD mice. a Double-stained immunofluorescent images of amyloid (Thio-S, green) and astrocytes (GFAP, red). Quantification of GFAP⁺ area (%) of WT or Tg-FDD mice. b Double-stained immunofluorescent images of amyloid (Thio-S, green) and microglia (IBA1, red). Quantification of IBA1⁺ area (%) of WT or Tg-FDD mice. All are representative images of 9-month-old mice. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM of n = 3–4, where *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 as determined by unpaired Student’s t test. Scale bar 100 μm