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Table 1 Participant demographics and clinical characteristics (mean ± S.E.)

From: Microstructural brain abnormalities in HIV+ individuals with or without chronic marijuana use

 

SN nonusers (N = 24)

SN-MJ user (N = 22)

HIV nonusers (N = 23)

HIV + MJ user (N = 21)

p value

Age (years)

44.6 ± 2.8

45.3 ± 2.1

46.8 ± 2.4

46.3 ± 1.9

0.904a

Age range

(18.5–68.9)

(25.9–65.8)

(28.3–70.3)

(26–60.7)

# Men (%)

21 (87.5%)

19 (86.4%)

22 (95.7%)

20 (95.2%)

0.567b

Education (years)

14.8 ± 0.5

13.7 ± 0.5

15.2 ± 0.4

14.2 ± 0.5

0.167a

WTAR Predicted Verbal IQ

109.8 ± 1.6

106.4 ± 2.1

107.9 ± 1.6

103.7 ± 1.9

0.103 a

Race (W/As/B/NH/NA/Mixed)

12/4/1/1/1/5

13/0/1/1/0/3

11/7/1/0/0/5

13/3/1/1/0/4

0.629b

Index of Social Position (8–66)

36.3 ± 3.4

40.2 ± 3.8

35.8 ± 3.3

44.8 ± 3.6

0.233a

CES-Depression score (0–60)

5.9 ± 0.9

13.0 ± 3.3

14.3 ± 2.0

13.0 ± 1.9

0.015a

HIV disease-related

 Duration (months)

–

–

327.4 ± 29.9

339.4 ± 31.5

0.837d

 # With Detectable HIV RNA (> 40 copies/mL, %)

–

–

3 (13.0%)

4 (19.1 %)

0.488b

 Log plasma HIV RNA

–

–

1.8 ± 0.2

2.0 ± 0.3

0.420c

 Plasma HIV RNA (copies/mL)*

–

–

4,064 ± 3,970

2,933 ± 1,774

0.814c

 # (%) on combined antiretrovirals

–

–

23 (100%)

21 (100%)

 

 CD4 count (#/mm3)

–

–

511.9 ± 42.4

563.4 ± 65.4

0.514d

 Nadir CD4 count (#/mm3)

–

–

250.6 ± 46.4

218.1 ± 46.0

0.622d

 HIV dementia scale (0–16)

–

–

14.3 ± 0.5

14.2 ± 0.6

0.886d

 Karnofsky score (0–100)

–

–

94.5 ± 1.4

92.9 ± 1.4

0.405d

 # (%) with HAND or equivalent**

5 (20.8%)

6 (27.3%)

8 (34.8%)

6 (28.6%)

0.705b

Marijuana usage, median (range)

 Age at first use (years)

–

15.5 (8–39)

–

16 (9–40)

0.906d

 Daily average use (g)

–

0.5 (0.02–3.5)

–

0.4 (0.04–3.6)

0.699e

 Total lifetime use (kg)

–

3.5 (0.06–54.5)

–

3.2 (0.08–39.6)

0.941c

 Duration of MJ use (years)

–

27.3 (1.9–45.3)

–

31.8 (3.7–41.7)

0.784c

Tobacco Smoking, median (range)

 # Lifetime tobacco smokers (%)

12 (50.0%)

18 (81.8%)

11 (47.8%)

17 (81.0%)

0.016b

 # Smokers in the past month (%)

9 (37.5%)

13 (59.1%)

5 (21.7%)

8 (40.0%)

0.085b

 Daily average use (g, range)

24.4 (0.5–76.3)

19.9 (0.002–61)

29.9 (0.01–61)

27.5 (2.0–39.3)

0.774e

 Total lifetime use (pack-year)¶ (range)

10.8 (0.01–39.9)

16.1 (0.0001–59.3)

14.0 (0.0002–50.4)

16.4 (0.2–37.0)

0.733e

 Duration of use (year, range)

14.8 (0.6–32.5)

23.9 (1–48.1)

17.9 (0.6–35.9)

25.8 (2.9–41.7)

0.241e

 Duration of abstinence (months)¶

0 (0–390)

0 (0–483)

3 (0–332)

0 (0–370)

0.367e

Alcohol usage, median (range)

 # Lifetime alcohol users (%)

22 (91.7%)

19 (86.4%)

21 (95.5%)

20 (95.2%)

0.651b

 Regular use (> 1/week) in the past month (%)

6 (25.0%)

14 (63.6%)

6 (27.3%)

7 (33.3%)

0.004b

 Daily average use (mL)¶

9.4 (0.06–48.9)

12.3 (0.4–41.8)

6.1 (0.2–63.0)

7.7 (0.4–186.9)

0.632e

 Total lifetime use (L, range)

71.5 (0.1–655)

110.3 (0.9–613)

86.8 (0.4–968)

56.6 (0.1–2491)

0.767e

 Duration of use (years)¶

22.9 (2.3–46.5)

25.0 (5.7–45.5)

23.2 (9.0–46.6)

29.1 (0.9–44.8)

0.792e

 Duration of abstinence (months)¶

0 (0–63)

0 (0–59)

1 (0–89)

0 (0–91)

0.197e

  1. p values < 0.05 are bolded
  2. WTAR Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale, Index of Social Position assessed using the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Position, Race White/Asian/Black/Native Hawaiian/Native American/more than one race
  3. #Tobacco use status was missing in 5 participants; alcohol use status was missing in 3 participants
  4. *Plasma HIV RNA was calculated from 3 (HIV+) and 4 (HIV + smoker) participants with detectable viruses
  5. **HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) diagnoses: HIV nonuser (3 ANI, 3 MND, 2 HAD), HIV + MJ users (2 ANI, 2 MND, 2 HAD), or HAND equivalent in the SN groups: SN nonuser (4 ANI and 1MND) and SN-MJ (4 ANI and 2 MND)
  6. ¶These variables were calculated only among the users
  7. aANOVA
  8. bχ2
  9. cMann-Whitney U
  10. dStudent t test
  11. eKruskal-Wallis Test