Fig. 5

Role of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-8 in PX-induced PBMCs transmigration. a IL-1β and IL-18 neutralizing antibodies (2 μg/ml) were added simultaneously to treatment with PX (600 μM, 24 h) to examine their effect on PBMCs transmigration across the BBB model. N = 12 wells per treatment, from three independent experiments. b IL-8 secretion from the BBB model was measured in media collected from the luminal side using an ELISA kit. N = 13 wells per treatment, from three independent experiments. Data presented as means normalized to control ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. control. c IL-8 neutralizing antibody (2 μg/ml) was added simultaneously to treatment with PX (600 μM, 24 h) to examine its effect on PBMCs transmigration. Data presented as means normalized to PX ± SEM. N = 6-11 wells per treatment, from two independent experiments