Fig. 7

ST2 signaling in astrocytes is essential for their neuroprotective effects in vitro. a CCK-8 assay in neuron-enriched cultures subjected to 3 h OGD or sham conditions followed by treatment with PBS or a range of concentrations of IL-33 for another 24 h. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). n.s. not significant. b, c CCK-8 assay (b) and TUNEL measure (c) in neurons at 24 h of culture with CM from untreated OGD astrocytes (PBS-CM) or CM from IL-33-treated OGD astrocytes (IL-33-CM) and after 3 h OGD and the culture conditions shown. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). *P < 0.05 compared to untreated controls. d mRNA expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factors GDNF, ARTN, PSPN, and NRTN in astrocytes at 24 h of culture with or without IL-33 and after 6 h OGD and the culture conditions shown. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). *P < 0.05 compared to untreated controls. e Mean percentages of RET protein expression in neurons at 24 h of culture with PBS-CM or IL-33-CM and after 3 h OGD and the culture conditions shown. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). *P < 0.05 compared to untreated controls. f, g Percentages of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) (f) and Ki67⁺ (g) in neurons with or without RET inhibition at 24 h of culture with PBS-CM or IL-33-CM and after 3 h OGD and the culture conditions shown. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 in each group). *P < 0.05