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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Immunoregulation of microglial polarization: an unrecognized physiological function of α-synuclein

Fig. 4

α-Syn injection regulates microglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype in vivo. a α-Syn increases ARG-1 (green) expression and decreases IL-1β (green) in Iba-1 (red) positive microglia in cerebral cortex by IF (scale bar = 10 μm, n = 5 mice). b Quantification of ARG-1 positive microglia in brain. c Quantification of IL-1β positive microglia in brain. d α-Syn upregulates ARG-1 and downregulates iNOS expression in the cerebral cortex compared with that in hippocampus and the remainder of the brain excluding cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (n = 3 independent experiments). e Detection of ERK-NF-Κb/PPARγ pathway related molecules in the cerebral cortex was consistent with their trends in primary microglia (n = 5). f Densitometric analyses of relative intensity of ERK, p-ERK, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and PPARγ expression normalized to GAPDH. One-way ANOVA with Newman Keuls multiple comparison test. Bar graphs show mean + s.e.m.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

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