Fig. 2

BHB treatment leads to fewer plaques in 5XFAD mice. (a) BHB levels in the cortices of mice (n = 5–7/group) as determined by colorimetric assay (Abcam). (b) Brain sections of WT and 5XFAD mice on regular water and BHB-containing water were stained for microglia (Iba1; red), nuclei (TO-PRO-3; cyan), and plaques (methoxy-X04; blue). Images were taken on a Nikon A1R confocal microscope. The number of X04+ plaques per field (c), number of 6E10+ plaques per field (d), plaque volume (e), plaque density (f), percent of area covered by plaques (g), percent of volume occupied by plaques (h), and plaque sphericity (i) were quantified using Imaris 9.2.1. Two to three images per mouse were quantified and averaged. The data shown were collected from 6–7 mice per group. Graphs show data as the mean ± SD with ****P ≤ 0.0001, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P ≤ 0.01, and N.S. = not significant