Fig. 3

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation impairs spatial memory in TDP-43 overexpressing mice. a Time spent on the rotating rod. Statistical analysis was carried out using a repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test (n = 6 mice/group, *p < 0.05 between GFP and TDP-43 regardless of i.p. treatment; #p < 0.05 between GFP-LPS against all other groups). b Grip strength of mice front paws performance. Statistical analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (n = 6 mice/group). c Grip strength of mice hind paws performance. Statistical analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (n = 6 mice/group). d Radial arm water maze performance. Statistical analysis was carried out using a repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test (n = 6 mice/group; *p < 0.05 between GFP-LPS and TDP-43-LPS; #p < 0.05 between GFP-saline and TDP-43-LPS; and p < 0.05 between GFP-LPS and TDP-43-saline; ^p < 0.05 between GFP-saline and TDP-43-saline). e The total number of errors in the 2-day radial arm water maze. Statistical analysis was carried out using a two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test (n = 6 mice/group; *p < 0.05)