Fig. 5

FTS•B incubation regulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells. (a) FTS•B alone or in co-incubation with LPS showed no effects on cell viability of BV-2 cells. Compared with LPS-alone exposed cells, FTS•B co-incubation strongly suppressed the release of (b) IL-6, (c) TNF-α, (d) iNOs, (e) NO, and (f) IL-1β in BV-2 cells, determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 3). #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. non-treated cells. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. LPS-alone exposed cells. FTS•B, forsythoside B; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; iNOs, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay