Skip to main content
Fig. 6 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 6

From: Escalating morphine dosing in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice with sustained Tat exposure reveals an allostatic shift in neuroinflammatory regulation accompanied by increased neuroprotective non-endocannabinoid lipid signaling molecules and amino acids

Fig. 6

Chemokine levels (pg/mL) are altered by Tat exposure or morphine in the striatum (a) and spinal cord (b) of Tat transgenic mice. Concentrations of chemokines were assessed using a Bio-Plex cytokine array. G-CSF, GM-CSF, and CXCL1 showed significant Tat-induced reductions in both regions, while CCL5 was only reduced in striatum (#p < 0.05). Morphine treatment increased G-CSF and GM-CSF concentrations within the spinal cord, and CCL5 concentrations in both regions. All data are expressed as mean pg/mL ± SEM. Samples were normalized to 900 μg/mL (striatum) or 500 μg/mL (spinal cord) via BCA. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; *p < 0.05 main effect of drug; #p < 0.05 main effect of genotype. Morph short-term (8-day) morphine injections. n = 5–6 mice per group

Back to article page

Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094