From: Air pollution as a contributor to the inflammatory activity of multiple sclerosis
 | CD4 T cells | CD8 T cells | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MS patients (n = 57) | Healthy controls (n = 19) | MS patients (n = 57) | Healthy controls (n = 19) | |
Activation markers | ||||
 CD69 | 224 ± 7 (n = 31) | 205 ± 8 (n = 9) | 280 ± 10 (n = 30) | 285 ± 13 (n = 9) |
 HLA DR3 | 1008 ± 93 (n = 21) | 1376 ± 392 (n = 8) | 1420 ± 139 | 1406 ± 380 (n = 8) |
 CD38 | 586 ± 88 (n = 21) | 476 ± 94 (n = 8) | 735 ± 92 | 519 ± 110 (n = 8) |
Adhesion and migration markers | ||||
 CD44 | 31,582 ± 1321 | 23,702 ± 3122 | 26,553 ± 1229 | 17,792 ± 2288 |
 VLA4 | 2300 ± 85 | 2518 ± 185 | 3102 ± 108 | 3214 ± 161 |
 LFA1 | 6073 ± 242 | 7140 ± 561 | 10594 ± 373 | 12436 ± 1041 |
 CCR6 | 739 ± 42 (n = 55) | 808 ± 72 (n = 18) | 478 ± 28 (n = 55) | 575 ± 52 (n = 18) |
 CXCR3 | 667 ± 40 | 861 ± 111 | 815 ± 59 | 736 ± 97 |