Fig. 8

Activation of EP2 receptors by butaprost upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in rd10 mice with COX-1 deletion. a–c Butaprost treatment upregulated the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (a, p = 0.022, Student T test) and IL-1β (b, p = 0.014, Student T test) and PGE2 (c, p = 0.045, Student T test) in the COX-1^−/−/rd10 mouse retina. d LPS stimulation induced COX-1 (p = 0.0095, Student T test and EP2 (p = 0.0009, Student T test) expression in BV-2 microglial cells. e LPS stimulation induced PGE2 expression in BV-2 microglial cells (p = 0.0329, Student T test). f Elevated EP2 expression induced by LPS stimulation was reduced after pharmacological blockade of COX-1 by the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 (p = 0.0464, Student T test). g Elevated PGE2 expression level induced by LPS stimulation was reduced after pharmacological blockade of COX-1 by the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 (p < 0.00001, Student T test). Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 4). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.0001