Fig. 2
From: Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury
Microglia phenotypes following TBI. DAMPs released by injured, damaged, and/or degrading brain cells activate microglia from homeostatic surveillance/ramified phenotypes to activated inflammatory/amoeboid phenotypes. Activated microglia may differentiate along a spectrum of pro-inflammatory (M1-like) and anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes, synthesizing and releasing a plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, respectively