Table 1 Microglia activation following TBI
From: Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury
Reference | Strain/sex/age | Model (severity) | # of impacts/ICI | Microglia marker | Time PI | Regions | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[37] | C57/male/9-15 months | Controlled impact | 5/48 h | Iba1 | 6 months, 12 months | Cortex (retrosplenial, sensormotor, motor), CC, CA1, DG | Cortex: no difference at 6 or 12 months; CC: Increase at 6 months and 12 months; CA1and DG: no change |
1 | Iba1 | 6 months, 12 months | Cortex (retrosplenial, sensorimotor, motor), CC, CA1, DG | Cortex: no difference; CC: Increase at 12 months; CA1 and DG: no difference | |||
[38] | Sprague-Dawley/male and female/P30 | Lateral impact | 3/3 days | Iba1 | 16 days | VMH | Increase following RmTBI in males only |
[40] | C57/male/P35 | Mod. weight drop | 7/9 days | Iba1 | 3 months | CA1 | Increase in both ages with no difference in adolescent’s vs adults |
C57/male/P120 | Mod. weight drop | 7/9 days | Iba1 | 3 months | CA1 | ||
[98] | C57 | Mahmood weight drop | 5/24 h | Isolectin B4 | 30 days | HPC | No activation |
10/24 h | Isolectin B4 | 30 days | HPC | No activation | |||
[175] | Long-Evans/male/adult | mLFP | 1 | CD68 | 4 days | Ips and Con perirhinal cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex | Increased expression in all regions |
32 days | Ips and Con perirhinal cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex | No differences | |||||
[176] | C57/male/P120–150 | Mod. CCI | 30/ 5 on 2 off | Iba1, CD68 | 1 day, 60 days, 365 days | Optic Tract and LGN | Elevated at all time points |
[177] | C57/male/P84 | Mod. CCI | 42/ 6 per day/2h | CD68 | 7 days, 1 month, 6 months | Cortex, Amy, DG, CA1, CA3 | 7 days: Increase in cortex, con amy, CA3; 1 month: increase ips cortex, ips amy, ips/con DG; 6 months: Increase ips/con cortex, ips/con amy, ips/con DG, ips/con CA1, ips/con CA3 |
[178] | C57/male/P60–90 | Mod. CCI | 2/24 h | Iba1 | 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 49 days | Ips cortex, Ips DG, CC, Ips Thalamus | Ips cortex: Increase 4/7/14/28d; Ips thalamus: Increase 4/7/14/28 days; CC: Increase 4/7/14/28/49 days; Ips DG: Increase 2/4/7 days; Con CA: Increase 4 days |
[179] | C57/ male/P70 | Controlled impact | 1 | Iba1 | 24 h, 10 days | Cortex, CC, brainstem | Cortex: no difference; CC: moderate both times; CA1: present both times; brainstem: no difference |
5/48 h | Iba1 | 24 h | Cortex: moderate increase; CC: intense increase; brainstem: no difference | ||||
[180] | BALB/c/male/P90 | Midline diffuse FPI (moderate) | 1 | Flow: CD14; Immuno: Iba1 | Flow: 4 h, 72 h; Immuno: 30 days | Flow: Cortex, HPC; Iba1: DG, PCX, PFC; | Flow: CD14 microglia increases at 4 and 72; Iba1: 30 days increase in DG and PCX but not PFC |
[181] | Wistar/female/P56 | CCI (moderate-to-severe) | 1 | Flow: CD40, CD68, CD163; Immuno: CD68, C163, CD68, Iba1 | 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days | Cortex | Flow: CD163 increase 3 days and 5 days; CD40 and CD68 no difference Immuno: CD68: increase at 5/7/14 days; Cd163: Increase 5 and 7 days; CD68: No difference; Iba1: Increase 7 days |
[182] | C57/male/P120–150 | Closed-headed impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) | 1 | Iba1 | 6 h, 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, 14 days | Optic tract, olfactory nerve, CC, brachium sup. Colliculus | Optic tract: increase 2/7/14 days; olfactory nerve: increase 1/2/7/14 days, CC: increase 2/7/14 days; Brachium: increase 2/7/14 days |
[183] | Long-Evans/male/young adult | LFP | 1,3,5/5 days | ED1 | 24 h | Injured cortex | Increase following 3 and 5 injuries |
8 weeks | Injured Cortex | Increase following 5 injuries | |||||
[184] | C57/male/P60 | Mod. weight drop | 7/9 days | Iba1, CD68 | 24 h, 7 days | Fimbria white matter and CA1 | Increase in Iba1 and CD68 at 24 h and 7 days in both regions |
[185] | C57/male/P60–90 | Mod. weight drop | 7/9 days | Iba1 | 3 months | Fimbria white matter and CA1 | Increase in both regions |
[186] | Sprague-Dawley/male/P18 | Mod. CCI | 1 | Iba1 | 7 days | Cortex, external capsule, amygdala | No difference |
2/1 day | Iba1 | 7 days | Cortex, external capsule, amygdala | No difference |