Fig. 2

Effects of I3C on LPS-induced nitric oxide production, caspase 3/7 levels, and phagocytosis. BV-2 microglia were treated with 50 μM I3C or DMSO as a vehicle for 4 h followed by 50 ng/ml LPS. a Twenty-four hours later, cell culture supernatants were taken for measuring the concentration of nitric oxide by Griess assay. b To determine the neurotoxicity, cell culture supernatant from BV-2 microglia were transferred to 661W photoreceptor cells. After 48 h of incubation of 661W cells with conditioned medium from BV-2 cells, caspase 3/7 activity was measured to determine apoptotic cell death. c Representative images of microglia incubated with latex beads for 4 h after treatments. d Relative phagocytosis of BV-2 cells was calculated by counting the cells having more than 10 latex beads. Data show mean ± SEM out of three independent experiments (n = 3/group, measured in triplicates) with ****p < 0.0001