Fig. 1

Pinocembrin treatment alleviates IH-induced learning and memory function deficits in mice. a The experimental protocols of IH treatment and behavioral tests. b Escape latency to reach the target platform during 5-day training in mice either exposed to NA or IH and receiving either vehicle or pinocembrin. c Percentage time in the target quadrant during probe test after completion of water maze training. d, e Average platform-crossing times and swimming speed in mice on the 6th day. All results are mean ± SEM (n = 12). ^#p < 0.05 vs. the NA group; ^##p < 0.01 vs. the NA group; *p < 0.05 vs. the IH group