Fig. 6

Effect of SIS3 and LPS on MAPK pathways in microglia cultures. a Representative figures of ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation (p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK) expression and total ERK, p38, and JNK expression (western blotting). b–d Histogram represents the ratio of p-ERK to total ERK (b), p-p38 to total p38 (c), and p-JNK to total JNK (d). It was particularly important to add TGF-β1 to all groups. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. N = 6. #p < 0.01, compared with the cultures treated with vehicle; ▼p < 0.01, compared with the cultures treated with vehicle, SIS3, or LPS. LPS, lipopolysaccharide (300 ng/ml); SIS3 (10 μM)