Fig. 1

Subretinal macrophage infiltration and gliosis in blue light exposure to mice. a Representative images of retinal flat mounts showing infiltration of F4/80-labeled mononuclear phagocytes (red) of mice exposed or not to blue light exposure (BLE) and treated with vehicle, rytvela, or Kineret. Scale bar 50 μm. The graph represents compiled data on F4/80⁺ cell density in the subretina presented as a histogram. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons; n = 4–8 per group. **p < 0.01 *p < 0.05. b Representative images of GFAP immunoreactivity (green) showing retinal gliosis in blue light-exposed animals treated with vehicle, and suppressed by rytvela and Kineret. Sections were co-stained with DAPI (blue) to show cell nuclei. Scale bar 50 μm. ONL: outer nuclear layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; GCL: retinal ganglion cell layer. The graph represents the quantitative analysis of GFAP immunofluorescence intensity compared with control light unexposed values set at mean of 1. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons for n = 3–6 per group. **p < 0.01 (C) mRNA expression of Il1b, Il6, and Ccl2, standardized to control light unexposed values set at mean of 1. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons for n = 3–6 per group. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05