Fig. 1.
From: CCL3 contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord injury
Dynamic changes in gene expression following SCI for CCL3 and its receptors. CCL3 was significantly upregulated starting at 1hr and up to 28 days post-SCI compared to uninjured (laminectomy only) mice, except on day 7 after injury. CCR1 was upregulated beginning at day 1, 3, and 7 following injury, and CCR5 was significantly upregulated at day 3 and 7 post-injury. CCR4 expression remained unchanged after SCI. Results were analyzed using the ΔΔct method by normalizing results to a housekeeping gene (PPIA) and expressed as fold changes to laminectomy control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p value < 0.05 by one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s or Dunnett’s method for comparison between groups, n = 4–7 animals/group