Fig. 3

mGlu3 receptor activation and microglial reactivity in CTRL and LPD/IL-1β cultured microglia at P4. a, b Microglial cells were stained with Iba1 (green) and DAPI (blue) under basal and challenged conditions (IL-1β + IFNγ) ± LY 379268 (1 μM) + Ro 64-5229 (25 μM). Representative photomicrographs at × 40 magnification are shown in a (scale bar = 50 μm). Four cell-culture wells for each condition were analyzed (mean cell number, 165 ± 1 7) and the cell area, cell perimeter, and cell circularity were assessed in b. Data (mean ± SEM). Two-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 effect of LY379268 + Ro 64-5229; ^$p < 0.05, ^$$p < 0.01, ^$$$p < 0.001 effect of IL-1β + IFNγ; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, ^####p < 0.0001 effect of LPD/IL-1β. c, d mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (c) and anti-inflammatory/immune-regulatory (d) markers under basal and pro-inflammatory conditions ± LY 379268 (1 μM) + Ro 64-5229 (25 μM). Data (mean ± SEM) are relative to the gene expression under basal CTRL conditions. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 effect of LY 379268 + Ro 64-5229; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, ^####p < 0.0001 effect of LPD/IL-1β; ^$p < 0.05, ^$$$p < 0.001; ^$$$$p < 0.0001 effect of IL-1β + IFNγ