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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: Cell-free oxidized hemoglobin drives reactive oxygen species production and pro-inflammation in an immature primary rat mixed glial cell culture

Fig. 3

Oxidized Hb induces a pro-inflammatory response. mRNA expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, iNOS (a), TNFα (b), CCL5 (c), CCL2 (d), HO-1 (e), and lipocalin-2 (f) were investigated following exposure of mixed glial cell cultures to pure Hb-metabolites (oxyHb 2.5 mg/ml, dark gray bar, n = 4; oxidized Hb 2.5 mg/ml, light gray bar, n = 4) or culture medium only (control, white bar, n = 4). Results are presented as box plots displaying medians and 25th and 75th percentiles. Differences between oxyHb vs. control, oxidized Hb vs control, and oxidized Hb vs oxyHb were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison with significance values adjusted for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094