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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Microglial inflammation after chronic spinal cord injury is enhanced by reactive astrocytes via the fibronectin/β1 integrin pathway

Fig. 2

The administration of anti-β1 integrin antibody to injured spinal cord in the sub-acute phase suppressed microglial inflammation within the glial scar in the chronic phase after SCI. a Sagittal section before and after selective isolation of the glial scars using a laser-captured microdissection system. Purple dots indicate the cutting line of peri-lesional area. The width of the glial scar area was set at approximately 200 μm. Asterisk indicates the lesion epicenter. GFAP, red. Scale bar, 500 μm. b The heatmap indicates the mRNA expression profile of representative pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The mRNA expression of TNFα and Msr1 was markedly different between the control- and β1Ab-treated groups. n = 4 per each group, duplicate. c Analyses of the mRNA expression of the glial scars by qPCR. Error bar indicates mean ± SEM. Star indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. n = 8 per each group. TNFα: F = 0.0002, Msr1: F = 0.0201. d Analyses of the TNFα and Msr1 mRNA expression of microglia by qPCR. Error bar indicates mean ± SEM. Star indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. n = 4 per each group. TNFα: F = 0.0365, Msr1: F = 0.0427. e TUNEL-stained sections of chronically injured spinal cords. Asterisk indicates the lesion epicenter. TUNEL-positive, red. Scale bar, 200 μm. f The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells within glial scars in the injured spinal cord counted by the Image J software program. Error bar indicates mean ± SEM. Star indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. n = 5 per each group, triplicate. F = 0.0274

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