Fig. 3
From: Differential neurovirulence of Usutu virus lineages in mice and neuronal cells
USUV isolates differentially induce cellular infiltration, apoptosis, and inflammation in the mice brain. a Left panel: Immunohistochemical CD45 staining (associated with luxol blue) showing inflammatory infiltrates in the infected brain (brown staining) at 6 dpi. Some cells present caspase 3 staining after immunohistochemistry. Right panel: Quantification of CD45-positive cells and caspase 3 positive cells in USUV-infected brain compared to CT. b qRT-PCR analysis of TNFα, IL6, IFNβ, and IL1β mRNA from the brain collected at 6 dpi. Each histogram represents the mean ± SEM from 6 independent mice normalized to CT. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01