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Table 1 Description of human cases of USUV infection worldwide

From: Differential neurovirulence of Usutu virus lineages in mice and neuronal cells

Country

Year

Number

Sample

Clinical signs

Studied population

Identified strains

Ref

CAR

1981

1

Blood

Eruptive fever

Clinical case

Africa 3

[18]

Burkina Faso

2004

1

Blood

Fever and jaundice

Clinical case

?

[18]

Italy

2009

1

CSF

Meningoencephalitis

Clinical case

Europe 1

[19]

2009

1

Blood

Encephalitis

Clinical case

Europe 2

[20, 21]

2008–2009

3/44

CSF

Meningoencephalitis

Meningoencephalitis patients

?

[22]

2008–2011

8/306 + 2/609

CSF / Blood

Meningoencephalitis / Healthy

Meningoencephalitis patients (CSF). various healthy and sick subjects (serum)

?

[23]

2018

1/44

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

Europe 1

[24]

2016–2018

25/73964

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

?

[25]

2017–2018

9

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

Europe 2. Europe 3 and Europe 4

[26]

2017–2018

8/1967

Blood / Urine

Neuroinvasive diseases / Fever / Arthralgia / Myalgia

Patients with suspected arboviral infection

Europe 2

[27]

Croatia

2013

3/95

Blood

Meningoencephalitis

Meningoencephalitis patients

?

[29]

2018

3/178

Blood / Urine

Neuroinvasive diseases

Neuroinvasive cohort

Europe 2

[30]

Germany

2016

1

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

Europe 3

[34]

Netherlands

2018

7/12040

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

Europe 3

[36]

France

2016

1/166

CSF

Idiopathic facial paralysis

Patients with infection and/or neurological signs

Africa 2

[31]

Austria

2017

6/12047

Blood

Healthy

Blood donors

Europe 2

[32]

2018

18/31598

Blood

Healthy / Rash

Blood donors

Europe 2 and Africa 3

[33]

Hungary

2018

1

Blood

Aseptic meningitis

Clinical case

Europe 2

[28]

  1. This table summarizes acute human cases of USUV infection described in the literature and the viral strains involved
  2. CAR Central African Republic